Python Modules and Packages
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In Python, modules are files containing Python code. They can define functions, classes, and variables, and can also include runnable code. Modules allow you to organize your Python code logically. can import modules into other Python scripts or modules to use their functionality.
Here's a basic example of a module named my_module.py:
Python Code
# my_module.py
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
def add(x, y):
return x + y
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def display(self):
print("Value:", self.value)
can import this module in another Python script like this:
Python Code
# main.py
import my_module
my_module.greeting("Alice")
result = my_module.add(3, 5)
print("Result:", result)
obj = my_module.MyClass(10)
obj.display()
Packages are a way of organizing modules hierarchically. A package is a directory containing Python modules and an __init__.py file (which can be empty). The presence of __init__.py indicates to Python that the directory should be considered a package.
Here's an example directory structure for a package named my_package:
markdownCopy codemy_package/
__init__.py
module1.py
module2.py
The __init__.py file can be empty or can contain initialization code for the package.
can import modules from a package using dot notation. For example:
Python Code
# main.py
from my_package import module1, module2
module1.function1()
module2.function2()
Alternatively, you can import specific functions or classes from modules within the package:
Python Code
# main.py
from my_package.module1 import function1
from my_package.module2 import MyClass
function1()
obj = MyClass()
obj.method()
That's the basics of Python modules and packages. They're essential for organizing and reusing code projects.